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ROBERT MALIMA

Lecturer, Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences
Education:

PhD, MSc, PGDs (London), BSc (Hon), DMLT, CVLT (Tanzania)

Teaching:

1992 to 2007                         Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Tutor at the Ministry of health, community development, gender, elderly and children (MoHCDEC) - Vector Control Training Centre Muheza (Advanced diploma Course) since 1992. Teaching on areas of biology, ecology and control of diseases vectors, parasitology as well as basic research methodologies.

2001 to date                          MoHCDEC - Malaria vector control and insecticide resistance monitoring training, specifically on mosquito ecology, behavior, population biology, control and insecticide resistance monitoring and management.

2005 to date                          Two-weeks International course on Mosquito Ecology and Control organized by NIMR Amani Medical Research Centre annually, with a focus on principles of mosquitoes’ behavioral ecology including essential theory and applied field research methodologies.

June 2019 to date                Tutor at UDSM-MCHAS, lecturing the undergraduate Medical Degree students on Parasitology and Medical Entomology.

Research:

Aug 1988 – June 2019:      Working with the National Institute for Medical Research at Amani Centre, Tanzania

April 2019 to date:               Co-Investigator in the Phase III evaluation of a window double screen trap for capturing mosquitoes and to demonstrate that the traps reduce malaria transmission when combined with pyrethroid treated long lasting insecticidal net in NE Tanzania. A collaborative research undertaking between NIMR and University of Helsinki, Finland.

Nov 2017 to March 2019:   Site coordinator for Phase III Evaluation of Fludora® Fusion insecticide for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in Muheza, N.E Tanzania.

2016 to 2017:                       Co-Investigator and lead entomologist in the Phase I and II Semi-Field evaluation on the Efficiency of Window Double Screen Traps for capturing malaria and nuisance mosquitoes in experimental hut setting. A collaborative research undertaking between NIMR Amani Centre, University of Helsinki and Tampere University of Technology (TUT), Helsinki.

Aug 2016 to date                 Site coordinator for the Innovative Vector Control Consortium Upgrading project for the NIMR Amani Centre to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) standards.

2013 to 2016                         Co-Investigator and Lead entomologist in the Project “The Effectiveness of Non-Pyrethroid Insecticide-Treated Durable Wall Liners as a Method for Malaria Control in Endemic Rural Tanzania: A cluster Randomized Trial in Northern Eastern Tanzania”. A PARMVERC collaborative research undertaking between NIMR, KCMC and LSHTM.

2009 to 2014                         Co-Investigator in the Project “Trial to compare the effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (IRS) combined with the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) with the effectiveness of LLINs alone for preventing malaria infection and morbidity: A cluster Randomized Trial in Northwest Tanzania”. A PARMVERC collaborative research undertaking between NIMR, KCMC and LSHTM.

2004 to date                          One of the key stakeholders in the detection and monitoring of insecticide resistance to malaria vectors in Tanzania mainland. The U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative funded project where NIMR generates entomological data which supports the National Malaria Control program in Tanzania on policy formulation towards malaria vector control.

2002 to 2010                         Co-Investigator and Lead Field Scientist on the Evaluation of entomological control tools for Malaria and nuisance mosquitoes in the laboratory, semi field and field environments (Phase I, II and III); collaborative project between, NIMR, KCMC and LSHTM.

2002 to date                          Co-Investigator in the Evaluation of public health entomological control tools for Malaria and nuisance mosquitoes in the laboratory, semi field and field environments (Phase I, II and III); collaborative project between, NIMR, KCMC, LSHTM and WHOPES. Some Long Lasting Insecticide Net products evaluated and approved by WHOPES are DawaPlus® 2.0, Duranet®, Interceptor®, LifeNet®, Netprotect®, Olyse® Plus, PermaNet® 2.0, PermaNet® 2.5, PermaNet® 3.0, Yahel® net.

Oct 2001 - Mar 2003           Co-Investigator, Team    leader and Senior Entomologist for community malariometric surveys in West Usambara sites of Joint Malaria Program; Research collaboration between NIMR, LSHTM, KCMC and CMP, Denmark

2000- 2001                            Co-Investigator and Team leader in the project “Therapeutic efficacy of antimalarials in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria for the IMPACT study in Morogoro rural (Ngerengere site) and Coastal region (Kibiti site in Rufiji)”; a collaborative work between CDC - Atlanta, NIMR and IHRDC.

 

2000                                       Co-Investigator and Team leader for Ujiji sentinel site and national trainer in research initiative titled “Therapeutic efficacy of antimalarials in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria for the East African Network for Monitoring Antimalarial Treatment (EANMAT)”.

2000:                                      Co-Investigator in the Baseline malariometric survey in Gonja, Same district.

1998                                       Co-Investigator and Team leader for the “American NOAA funded collaborative project between NIMR, DBL and Edinburgh University to explore the EL~NINO effects on Malaria transmission intensity in Usambara mountains, Tanzania”

Oct 1996 – Sept 1997         Co-Investigator and NIMR/DBL (Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory); collaborative project titled the "Effects of environmental changes on the transmission of malaria and Lymphatic filariasis in Usambara Mountains North East Tanzania", 1995-97.

1991-1995:                            Co-Investigator in the project “Community Prevention of Malaria, Korogwe Tanzania by polyester bed nets and alternative polypropylene fabrics treated with Permethrin”.

Mar-Jul 1997:                       Co-Investigator in the Phase II evaluation on Small Scale Dose-Response test with Bifenthrin (10WP) as a Residual Mosquito Adulticide in Muheza, north-astern Tanzania.

Dec 1989 - Oct 1990:          Co-Investigator in the In-vivo and vitro re-assessment of Chloroquine and Amodiaquine in the treatment of clinical malaria in children under five years of age in Muheza, northeastern Tanzania.

Publications:

  1. Emid B, Kisinza WN, Kaaya RD, Malima R, Mosha FW (2017). Insecticide susceptibility status of human biting mosquitoes in Muheza Tanzania. TJHR, Vol 10, No. 3, July. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v19i3.xx
  2. Ayman Khattab, Kaisa Jylhä, Tomi Hakala, Mikko Aalto, Robert Malima, William Kisinza, Markku Honkala, Pertti Nousiainen, Seppo Meri (2017). 3D mosquito screens to create window double screen traps for mosquito control. Parasite & Vectors, 10:304 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2238-x
  3. Emidi B Emidi, Kisinza W.N, Mmbando B.P, Malima R, & Mosha F.W (2017). Effects of physicochemical parameters on Anopheles and Culex mosquito larvae abundance in different breeding sites in a rural setting of Muheza, Tanzania. Parasite & Vectors 10:304 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2238-x
  4. Malima R, Emidi B, Messenger L.A, Oxborough R.M, Batengana B, Sudi W, Weston S, Mtove G, Mugasa J.P, Mosha F.W, Rowland M.W, & Kisinza W (2017). Experimental hut evaluation of a novel long-lasting non-pyrethroid durable wall lining for control of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in Tanzania. Malaria Journal 16:82
  5. Mtove G, Mugasa J.P., Messenger L.A., Malima R.C. etal (2016). The effectiveness of non-pyrethroids insecticide-treated durable wall lining to control malaria in rural Tanzania: study protocol for a two-armed cluster randomized trial. BMC Public Health. Nov 25;16(1):1195.
  6. Tungu P, Kirby M, Malima R, Kisinza W, Magesa S, Maxwell C, Batengana B, Pigeon O, and Rowland M (2016). Interceptor® long-lasting insecticidal net: phase III evaluation over three years of household use and calibration with phase II experimental hut outcomes. Parasites & Vectors 9:204 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1490-9
  7. Tungu, P., Malima, R., Mosha, F., Lyimo, I., Maxwell, C., Kaur, H., Kisinza, W., Magesa, S., Kirby, M., Rowland, M. (2015) Evaluation of ICON Maxx, a long-lasting treatment kit for mosquito nets: experimental hut trials against anopheline mosquitoes in Tanzania. Malaria Journal 14:225.
  8. Shayo, E.H., Rumisha, S.F., Mlozi, M.R.S., Bwana, V.M., Mayala, B.K., Malima, R.C., Mlacha, T. & Mboera, L.E.G. (2015) Social determinants of malaria and health care seeking patterns among rice farming and pastoral communities in Kilosa District of Central Tanzania. Acta Tropica 144, 41-49: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.01.003.
  9. Mlozi, M.R.S., Rumisha, S.F., Mlacha, T., Bwana, V.M., Shayo, E.H., Mayala, B.K., Malima, R.C., Mashoto, K.M. & Mboera, L.E.G. (2015) Challenges and opportunities for implementing an intersectoral approach in malaria control in Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research 17 (1) doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v17i1.2
  10. Mboera, L.E.G., Bwana, V.M., Rumisha, S.F., Stanley, G., Tungu, P.K., Malima, R.C. (2015) Spatial abundance and human biting rate of Anopheles arabiensis and An. funestus in savannah and rice agro-ecosystems of central Tanzania. Geospatial Health 10:322
  11. Mboera, L.E.G., Bwana, V.M., Rumisha, S.F., Malima, R.C., Mlozi, M.R.S., Mayala, B.K., Stanley, G., Mlacha, T. (2015) Malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among schoolchildren in relation to ecosystems, livelihoods and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania. BMC Public Health 15:553
  12. Rumisha, S.F., Zinga, M.M., Fahey, C.A., Wei, D., Bwana, V.M., Mlozi, M.R.S., Shayo, E.H., Malima, R.C., Mayala, B.K., Stanley, G., Mlacha, T. & Mboera, L.E.G. (2014) Accessibility, availability and utilisation of malaria interventions among women of reproductive age in Kilosa District in central Tanzania. BMC Health Services Research 14: 452. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-452.
  13. Ngufor, C., Tungu, P., Malima, R., Kirby, M., Kisinza, W., Rowland, M. (2014) Insecticide-treated net wall hangings for malaria vector control: an experimental hut study in north-eastern Tanzania. Malaria Journal 13:366.
  14. Kabula, B., Kisinza, W., Tungu, P., Ndege, C., Batengana, B., Kollo, D., Malima, R., Kafuko, J., Mohamed, M., Magesa, S. (2014) Co-occurrence and distribution of East (L1014S) and West (L1014F) African knock-down resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato population of Tanzania. Tropical Medicine and International Health 19, 331-341. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12248.
  15. Kabula, B., Tungu, P., Malima, R., Rowland, M., Minja, J., Wililo, R., Ramsan, M., McElory, P., Kafuko, J., Protopopoff, N., Magesa, S., Mosha, F. & Kisinza, W., (2013) Distribution and spreading of pyrethroid and DDT resistance to Anopheles gambiae complex in Tanzania. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 28: 244-252 doi: 10.1111/mve.12036.
  16. Malebo, H.M., Imeda, C., Kitufe, N.A., Katani, S.J., Sunguruma, R., Magogo, F., Tungu, P.K., Nyigo, V.A., Wiketye, V., Mwaiko, G.L., Ogondiek, J.W., Mbogo, G.P., Mhame, P.P., Matata, D.Z., Malima, R., Magesa, S.M., Massaga, J.J., Malecela, M.N. and Kitua, A.Y. (2013). Repellence effectiveness of essential oils from some Tanzanian Ocimum and Hyptis plant species against afro-tropical vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 7(11), 653-660.http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR, dOI:10.5897/JMPR012.732
  17. Mashauri, F.M., Kinung’hi, S.M., Kaatano, G.M., Magesa, S.M., Kishamawe, C., Mwanga, J.R., Nnko, S.E., Malima, R.C., Mero, C.N. & Mboera, L.E.G. (2013) Impact of indoor residual spraying of lambdacyhalothrin on malaria prevalence and anemia in an epidemic-prone district of Muleba, north-western Tanzania. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88 (5), 841-849.doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0412.
  18. Protopopoff N, Matowo J, Malima R, Kavishe R, Kaaya R, Wright A. West PA, Kleinschmidt I, Kisinza W, Mosha FW and Rowland W. (2013). High level of resistance in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroid insecticides and reduced susceptibility to bendiocarb in north-western Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 12:149.
  19. Malima R, Tungu PK, Mwingira V, Maxwell C, Magesa SM, Kaur H, Kirby MJ and Rowland M (2013) Evaluation of the long-lasting insecticidal net Interceptor LN: laboratory and experimental hut studies against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in northeastern Tanzania. Parasites & Vectors 6:296
  20. Winskill P, Rowland M, Mtove G, Malima RC and Kirby MJ. (2012). Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 10:98
  21. Kitau J, Oxborough RM, Tungu PK, Matowo J, Malima RC, Magesa SM, Bruce J, Mosha FW, Rowland MW (2012). Species Shifts in the Anopheles gambiae Complex: Do LLINs Successfully Control Anopheles arabiensis? PLoS ONE Vol 7. Issue 3. e31481
  22. Kabula B, Tungu P, Matowo J, Kitau J, Mweya C, Emidi B, Masue D, Sindato S, Malima R, Minja J, Msangi S, Njau R, Mosha F, Magesa S and Kisinza W (2012). Susceptibility status of malaria vectors to insecticides commonly used for malaria control in Tanzania. Tropical Medicine and International Health vol 17 no 6 pp 742–750      
  23. West PA, Protopopoff N, Rowland MW, Kirby MJ, Oxborough RM, Mosha FW, Malima R & Kleinschmidt I (2012). Evaluation of a national universal coverage campaign of long-lasting insecticidal nets in a rural district in north-west Tanzania. Malaria Journal, 11:273
  24. Malima R.C.M (2011). Evaluation of Long Lasting Insecticidal Materials and Treatment Kits and Control of Pyrethroid Insecticide Resistant Mosquitoes Using Alternative Insecticides on Nets. PhD. Thesis, University of London.
  25. Kinung’hi, S.M., Mashauri F., Mwanga J.R., Nnko S.E., Kaatano G.M., Malima R., Kishamawe C., Magesa S and Mboera L.E.G (2010). Knowledge, attitudes and practices about malaria among communities: Comparing epidemic and non-epidemic prone communities of Muleba district, North-western Tanzania. BMC Public Health, 10: 395.
  26. Tungu, P., Magesa, S., Maxwell, C., Malima, R., Masue, D., Sudi, W., Myamba, J., Pigeon, O. & Rowland, M. (2010) Evaluation of PermaNet 3.0 a deltamethrin-PBO combination net against Anopheles gambiae and pyrethroid resistant Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes: an experimental hut trial in Tanzania. Malaria Journal 9:21
  27. Kaatano, G.M., Mashauri, F.M., Kinug’hi, S.M., Mwanga, J.R., Malima, R.C., Kishamawe, S.E., Nnko, S.E., Magesa, S.M. & Mboera, L.E.G. (2009) Patterns of malaria related mortality based on verbal autopsy in epidemic prone areas of Muleba District, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research 11 (4), 210-218.
  28. Malima, R.C., Oxborough, R.M., Tungu, P.K., Maxwell, C., Lyimo, I., Mwingira, V., Mosha, F.W., Matowo, J., Magesa, S.M., and Rowland, M.W. (2009). Behaviour and insecticidal effects of organophosphate-, carbamate- and pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets against African malaria vectors. Med Vet Entomol., 23, 317-325.
  29. F.W. Mosha, I.N. Lyimo, R. M. Oxborough, R Malima, F. Tenu, J. Matowo, E. Feston, R. Mdeme, S.M. Magesa & M. Rowland. (2008). Experimental hut evaluation of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr on bed nets for the control of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus. Trop. Med & Intl Health Vol. 13 No. 5 pp 644-652 May.
  30. Robert C Malima, Stephen M Magesa, Patrick K Tunga, Victor Mwingira, Frank S Magogo, Wema Sudi, Frank W Mosha, Chris F Curtis, Caroline Maxwell and Mark Rowland (2008). An experimental hut evaluation of Olyset(R) nets against anopheline mosquitoes after seven years use in Tanzanian villages. Malaria Journal 2008, 7:38
  31. F.W. Mosha, I.N. Lyimo, J. Matowo, R Malima, E. Feston, R. Mdeme, F. Tenu, M. Kulkarni, C.M. Maxwell, S.M. Magesa & M.W. Rowland. (2008). Comparative efficacy of permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin treated nets against Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus in northern Tanzania. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology, Vol. 102, No. 4, 367–376.
  32. Manisha A. Kulkarni, Robert Malima, Frank W. Mosha, Shandala Msangi, Ezra Mrema, Bilali Kabula, Boniface Lawrence, Safari Kinung’hi, John Swilla, William Kisinza, Manfred E. Rau, Jane E. Miller, Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg, Caroline Maxwell, Mark Rowland, Stephen Magesa, Chris Drakeley (2007). Efficacy of pyrethroid-treated nets against malaria vectors and nuisance-biting mosquitoes in Tanzania in areas with long-term ITN use Trop. Med. Int. Health. Vol. 12 no 9 pp 1061–1073 september
  33. Ilona A. Carneiro, Thomas Smith, John P. A. Lusingu, Robert Malima, Jürg Utzinger, and Chris J. Drakeley (2006). Modeling the relationship between the population prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and anemia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 75(Suppl 2), pp. 82–89.
  34. Manisha A Kulkarni, Mark Rowland, Michael Alifrangis, Frank W Mosha, Johnson Matowo, Robert Malima, Justin Peter, Eliningaya Kweka, Issa Lyimo, Stephen Magesa, Ali Salanti, Manfred E Rau and Chris Drakeley (2006). Occurrence of the leucine-to-phenylalanine knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in Anopheles arabiensis populations in Tanzania, detected by a simplified high-throughput SSOP-ELISA method. Malaria Journal, 5:56
  35. Mboera L.E.G., Fanello C.I., Malima R.C., Talbert A., Fogliat P., Bobbio F. & Molteni F (2006). Comparison of the paracheck-Pf® test with microscopy, for the confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Tanzania. Annals Trop Med Para Vol 100, No. 2, 115-122.
  36. Mboera, L.E.G., Malima, R.C., Mangesho, P.E., Senkoro, K.P. & Mwingira, V. (2005) Malaria among the pastoral communities of the Ngorongoro Crater area, northern Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin 7, 79-87
  37. Mangesho, P., L. Mboera., R. Malima., K. Senkoro (2005). Local knowledge, altitude, practice and behaviour on malaria among pastoral communities of Ngorongoro crater, Northern Tanzania. Acta Tropica (supplement 95S: 2005).
  38. Kulkarni, M., J. Matowo, I. Lyimo, R. Malima., M. Rau., F. Mosha., M. Alifrangis, M. Rowland, C. Drakeley (2005). Characterization of permethrin tolerance in Anopheles arabiensis in Tanzania using a novel high-throughput method to detect knockdown resistance (kdr). Acta Tropica (supplement 95S, 2005).
  39. Magesa, S.M., Malima, RC., Maxwell, C., Mosha, F., Mwingira V., N’quessan, R., and Rowland M (2005). Preserving the effectiveness of insecticide treated nets and other vector control tools: alternative insecticides and products for overcoming insecticide resistance. Acta Tropica (supplement) 95S: S331.
  40. Graham K, Kayedi MH, Maxwell C, Kaur H, Rehman H, Malima R, Curtis CF, Lines JD and Rowland MW, (2005). Multi-country field trials comparing wash-resistance of PermaNetTM and conventional insecticide-treated nets against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol 19,72-83.
  41. C.J. Drakeley, P.H. Corran, P.G. Coleman, J.E. Tongren, S.L.R. MacDonald, I. Carneiro, R. Malima, J. Lusingu, A. Manjurano, J. Cox, W.M.M.M. Nkya, M.M. Lemnge, H.G. Reyburn, and E.M. Riley (2005). Estimating medium and long terms trends in malaria transmission using serological markers of malaria exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci, Apr 5;102(14):5108-13.
  42. C.J. Drakeley, I. Carneiro, H.G. Reyburn, R. Malima, J. Lusingu, C. Jones, J. Cox, T.G. Theander, W.M.M.M. Nkya5 M.M. Lemnge and E.M. Riley (2005). Altitude dependent and altitude independent variations in P. falciparum transmission in North-eastern Tanzania. J Infect Dis. May 15;191(10):1589-98.
  43. C.C. Joseph, M.M. Ndoile, R.C. Malima, and M.H.H. Nkunya (2004). Larvicidal and mosquitocidal extracts, a coumarin, isoflavonoids and pterocarpans from Neorautanenia mitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.  Aug; 98(8):451-5
  44. Mboera, L.E.G., Kamugisha, M.L., Malima, R.C., Mushi, A.K., Msuya, F.H., Masawe, T. & Kitua, A.Y. (2002) Malaria prevalence and health seeking behaviour among communities of the lowlands and highlands of Gonja, Same District, north-eastern Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin 4, 47-53.
  45. R.C.M. Malima (2000). Seasonal distribution of mosquito transmitting malaria and their malaria parasite inoculation rates in the lowland and highland areas of Muheza district, Tanga region northeastern Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin Vol. 2, No. 2, June pp 24-26
  46. Rene Bødker, William Kisinza, Robert Malima, Hamisi Msangeni and Steven W. Lindsay (2000). Resurgence of malaria in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, an epidemic of drug-resistant parasites. Global Change & Human Health vol. 1 No. 2. pp. 134-153
  47. Steven W. Lindsay, Rene Bødker, Robert Malima, Hamisi Msangeni & William Kisinza (2000). Effect of 1997-98 of El Nino on highland malaria in Tanzania. The Lancet Vol. 355, Issue 9208 March 18, 989-990.
  48. Munu, U.A, R.C.M Malima, C. A. Maxwell, C.F Curtis & O. Akunpelu (1999). Sporozoite rates in mosquitoes caught at different times of the night, in villages with or without nets and in highlands and lowlands in Tanzania. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med & Hyg. 94: 130
  49. Malima, R.C.M (1999). Sporozoite rates and identity of mosquitoes from lowland and highland localities of Tanzania. MSc. Thesis, University of London.
  50. Msangeni, H.A., Irare, S.G.M., Mtui, S.N., & Malima, R.C. (1998). Re-assesment of chloroquine and amodiaquine for the treatment of falciparum malaria in underfives children in Muheza, Tanzania. Tanzania Health Research Bulletin 1 (2) 14-15.

  51.  

     

    B.    Consultancies
    1.    Malima, R.C., Mdira K.Y., Nyongole, J., & Telaki, A.. Malaria Epidemiological study at Different Altitudes in Northern Tanzania, Entomological Aspect. Report submitted to HUTRUF 2003.
    2.    Mboera, L.E.G., Malima, R.C., Mangesho, P., Senkoro, K.P., Mwingira, V., Magogo, G. & Sambu, E.Z. Malaria in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, northern Tanzania. National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Report Submitted to Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority  2005.
    3.    Stephen M. Magesa, Robert C.M. Malima, Franklin W. Mosha, Shandala Msangi, Ezra Mrema, Bilali Kabula, William Kisinza, Safari Kinung'hi, John Swilla, Boniface Lawrence and Theophil R Rwegoshora. Detection and monitoring of insecticide resistance for malaria vectors in the context of insecticide treated nets scaling-up in Tanzania. Report submitted to the National Malaria Control Program of Tanzania 2006.
    4.    Mark Rowland, Stephen Magesa, Frank Mosha, Robert Malima, Patrick Tungu, Issa Lyimo, Caroline Maxwell and Victor Mwingira. Evaluation of an alphacypermethrin LN developed by BASF against Anopheles gambiae, An. funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus in experimental huts in Tanzania. Report submitted to the WHOPES, September, 2006.
    5.    Robert Malima, Stephen Magesa, Frank Mosha, Patrick Tungu, Issa Lyimo, Frank   Mogogo, Caroline Maxwell and Mark Rowland. Evaluation of KO-Tab-123 treated nets developed by Bayer Environmental Sciences against Anopheles funestus, An. gambiae and An. arabiensis in experimental huts in Tanzania. Report submitted to the WHOPES, November, 2006.
    6.    Robert Malima, Patrick Tungu, Frank Magogo, Wema Sudi, Joseph Myamba, Filemon Tenu, Caroline Maxwell, Mark Rowland & Stephen Magesa. Evaluation of Permethrin treated long-lasting blanket (LLIB) developed by Buzz-Off against Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in experimental huts in Tanzania. Report submitted to the Buzz-Off Company, April 2007.
    7.    Mark Rowland, Frank Mosha, Stephen Magesa, Issa Lyimo, Patrick Tungu, Robert Malima, Caroline Maxwell and Alison Yates. Evaluation of ICON MAXX LN developed by Syngenta against Anopheles arabiensis in experimental huts in Moshi, Tanzania. Report submitted to the WHOPES, May, 2007.
    8.    Patrick Tungu, Stephen Magesa, Robert Malima, Philemon Tenu, Frank Magogo, Wema Sudi, Joseph Myamba, Caroline Maxwell & Mark Rowland. Evaluation of a DuraNet™ LN, developed by Clarke Mosquito Control against Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in laboratory and experimental huts in Tanzania. Report submitted to the WHOPES, September, 2007.
    9.    Patrick K. Tungu, Robert C. Malima, Philemon Tenu, Frank S. Magogo, Wema Sudi, Joseph B. Myamba, Caroline Maxwell and Stephen M. Magesa. Evaluation of Netprotect® long lasting insecticide treated net (LN) against Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in experimental huts in Muheza, Tanzania. Report submitted to the WHOPES, October 2007.

    10.    Patrick K. Tungu, Robert C. Malima, Philemon Tenu, Frank S. Magogo, Wema Sudi, Joseph B. Myamba, Caroline Maxwell, Stephen M. Magesa & Mark Rowland. Evaluation of DawaPlus® long lasting insecticidal net (LN) against Anopheles gambiae and An funestus in experimental huts in Muheza, Tanzania. Report submitted to the WHOPES, October, 2007.
    11.    Oxborough RM, Mosha FW, Tungu PK, Magesa SM, Malima RC, Maxwell CA, Kitau J and Rowland M (2008). Evaluation of the PermaNet 2.5 LLIN developed by Vestergaard-Frandsen against Anopheles arabiensis in experimental huts in Moshi, Tanzania. Technical Report submitted to WHOPES, Geneva, November 2008.
    12.    Patrick Tungu, Robert Malima, Benard Malongo,Wema Sudi, Joseph Myamba, Caroline Maxwell, Stephen Magesa and Mark Rowland. Evaluation of efficacy and wash resistance of ICON® Maxx on different types of netting material. Technical Report submitted to Syngenta, March 2009.
    13.    Patrick K. Tungu, Stephen M. Magesa, Robert C. Malima, Benard Batengana, Filemon Tenu, Dennis Masue, Wema Sudi, Joseph B. Myamba, Caroline Maxwell and Mark Rowland. Evaluation of DawaPlus® 2.0 long lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) against Anopheles gambiae in experimental huts in Muheza, Tanzania. Technical Report to submitted to WHOPES, Geneva, June 2009.